Formula Centre

Formula guides and key subject rules for every grade and subject, with worked examples and practice.

Grade 9 Afrikaans essentials

Afrikaans • Essential reference • Grade 9

Clear sentence = Subject + Verb + Object
SubjectWho or what the sentence is about (Not applicable)
VerbThe action or state (Not applicable)

When to use it

Use as a foundation for building and checking complete sentences.

Worked example

The learner reads the book.

Common mistakes

  • Writing a sentence without a complete verb.

Practice question

Write one clear sentence and label its subject, verb and object.

Grade 9 EMS essentials

EMS • Essential reference • Grade 9

Profit = Income − Expenses
IncomeMoney received (R)
ExpensesMoney spent (R)

When to use it

Use for personal budgets and business financial literacy.

Worked example

R5 000 income − R3 800 expenses = R1 200 profit.

Common mistakes

  • Confusing cash received with profit.

Practice question

Prepare a simple budget and calculate the surplus.

Grade 9 English essentials

English • Essential reference • Grade 9

Clear sentence = Subject + Verb + Object
SubjectWho or what the sentence is about (Not applicable)
VerbThe action or state (Not applicable)

When to use it

Use as a foundation for building and checking complete sentences.

Worked example

The learner reads the book.

Common mistakes

  • Writing a sentence without a complete verb.

Practice question

Write one clear sentence and label its subject, verb and object.

Grade 9 IsiNdebele essentials

IsiNdebele • Essential reference • Grade 9

Clear sentence = Subject + Verb + Object
SubjectWho or what the sentence is about (Not applicable)
VerbThe action or state (Not applicable)

When to use it

Use as a foundation for building and checking complete sentences.

Worked example

The learner reads the book.

Common mistakes

  • Writing a sentence without a complete verb.

Practice question

Write one clear sentence and label its subject, verb and object.

Grade 9 IsiXhosa essentials

IsiXhosa • Essential reference • Grade 9

Clear sentence = Subject + Verb + Object
SubjectWho or what the sentence is about (Not applicable)
VerbThe action or state (Not applicable)

When to use it

Use as a foundation for building and checking complete sentences.

Worked example

The learner reads the book.

Common mistakes

  • Writing a sentence without a complete verb.

Practice question

Write one clear sentence and label its subject, verb and object.

Grade 9 IsiZulu essentials

IsiZulu • Essential reference • Grade 9

Clear sentence = Subject + Verb + Object
SubjectWho or what the sentence is about (Not applicable)
VerbThe action or state (Not applicable)

When to use it

Use as a foundation for building and checking complete sentences.

Worked example

The learner reads the book.

Common mistakes

  • Writing a sentence without a complete verb.

Practice question

Write one clear sentence and label its subject, verb and object.

Grade 9 Life Orientation essentials

Life Orientation • Essential reference • Grade 9

SMART goal = Specific + Measurable + Achievable + Relevant + Time-bound
SMARTFive qualities of an effective goal (Not applicable)

When to use it

Use when planning study, career, health or personal goals.

Worked example

Improve my test mark from 60% to 70% by the end of term.

Common mistakes

  • Setting a goal with no measure or deadline.

Practice question

Rewrite one personal goal using SMART.

Grade 9 Mathematics essentials

Mathematics • Essential reference • Grade 9

Core relationship: result = known values combined with the correct operation
resultThe value being calculated (Depends on the question)

When to use it

Choose the operation or formula that matches the problem, substitute known values, then check the answer.

Worked example

Identify what is known, select the matching rule, calculate step by step, and verify the result.

Common mistakes

  • Using an operation without checking what the question asks.

Practice question

Write the correct rule for a problem from this grade, then solve it.

Grade 9 Natural Sciences essentials

Natural Sciences • Essential reference • Grade 9

Input energy = Useful output energy + Wasted energy
Input energyEnergy supplied to a system (J)

When to use it

Use when tracing energy transfers in systems.

Worked example

100 J input = 70 J useful + 30 J wasted.

Common mistakes

  • Saying energy disappears instead of being transferred.

Practice question

Find wasted energy when input is 80 J and useful output is 55 J.

Grade 9 Sepedi essentials

Sepedi • Essential reference • Grade 9

Clear sentence = Subject + Verb + Object
SubjectWho or what the sentence is about (Not applicable)
VerbThe action or state (Not applicable)

When to use it

Use as a foundation for building and checking complete sentences.

Worked example

The learner reads the book.

Common mistakes

  • Writing a sentence without a complete verb.

Practice question

Write one clear sentence and label its subject, verb and object.

Grade 9 Sesotho essentials

Sesotho • Essential reference • Grade 9

Clear sentence = Subject + Verb + Object
SubjectWho or what the sentence is about (Not applicable)
VerbThe action or state (Not applicable)

When to use it

Use as a foundation for building and checking complete sentences.

Worked example

The learner reads the book.

Common mistakes

  • Writing a sentence without a complete verb.

Practice question

Write one clear sentence and label its subject, verb and object.

Grade 9 Setswana essentials

Setswana • Essential reference • Grade 9

Clear sentence = Subject + Verb + Object
SubjectWho or what the sentence is about (Not applicable)
VerbThe action or state (Not applicable)

When to use it

Use as a foundation for building and checking complete sentences.

Worked example

The learner reads the book.

Common mistakes

  • Writing a sentence without a complete verb.

Practice question

Write one clear sentence and label its subject, verb and object.

Grade 9 SiSwati essentials

SiSwati • Essential reference • Grade 9

Clear sentence = Subject + Verb + Object
SubjectWho or what the sentence is about (Not applicable)
VerbThe action or state (Not applicable)

When to use it

Use as a foundation for building and checking complete sentences.

Worked example

The learner reads the book.

Common mistakes

  • Writing a sentence without a complete verb.

Practice question

Write one clear sentence and label its subject, verb and object.

Grade 9 Social Sciences essentials

Social Sciences • Essential reference • Grade 9

Map distance = Ground distance × Map scale
Map scaleRelationship between map and real distance (Ratio)

When to use it

Use when measuring and interpreting distances on maps.

Worked example

Apply the stated scale after measuring the map distance.

Common mistakes

  • Not converting units before calculating.

Practice question

Use a map scale to calculate one ground distance.

Grade 9 Technology essentials

Technology • Essential reference • Grade 9

Mechanical advantage = Load / Effort
LoadForce moved by the machine (N)
EffortForce applied (N)

When to use it

Use to compare force gained by a simple machine.

Worked example

A 100 N load moved with 25 N effort gives MA = 4.

Common mistakes

  • Reversing load and effort.

Practice question

Calculate MA for a 240 N load and 60 N effort.

Grade 9 Tshivenda essentials

Tshivenda • Essential reference • Grade 9

Clear sentence = Subject + Verb + Object
SubjectWho or what the sentence is about (Not applicable)
VerbThe action or state (Not applicable)

When to use it

Use as a foundation for building and checking complete sentences.

Worked example

The learner reads the book.

Common mistakes

  • Writing a sentence without a complete verb.

Practice question

Write one clear sentence and label its subject, verb and object.

Grade 9 Xitsonga essentials

Xitsonga • Essential reference • Grade 9

Clear sentence = Subject + Verb + Object
SubjectWho or what the sentence is about (Not applicable)
VerbThe action or state (Not applicable)

When to use it

Use as a foundation for building and checking complete sentences.

Worked example

The learner reads the book.

Common mistakes

  • Writing a sentence without a complete verb.

Practice question

Write one clear sentence and label its subject, verb and object.